Kotak Mahindra

Built up in 1984, The Kotak Mahindra Group has for some time been one of India’s most presumed money related associations. In Feb 2003, Kotak Mahindra Finance Ltd. , the group’s leader organization was given the permit to continue banking business by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). This endorsement makes banking history since Kotak Mahindra Finance Ltd is the first organization in Quite a while to change over to a bank. The permit approving the bank to continue banking business has been acquired from the RBI in line with Section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act 1949. KMBL was advanced by Mr.Uday. S. Kotak, Kotak and Company Ltd and Mr. Sidney and A. A. Pinto under the name of Kotak Capital Management Finance Ltd on 21st Nov 1985 and got a Certificate of Commencement of Business on eleventh Feb 1986.Key gathering organizations and their organizations Kotak Mahindra Bank Kotak Mahindra Capital Company Kotak Securities Kotak Mahindra Prime Kotak Mahindra Asset Management Company Kotak Mahindra Old Mutual Life Insurance Limited BOARD OF DIRECTORS * Mr. K. M. Gherda †Executive Chairman * Mr. Uday Kotak â€Executive Vice Chairman and Managing Director * Mr.Anand Mahindra â€Co Promoter of Kotak Mahindra Bank and Vice Chairman and Managing Director of Mahindra and Mahindra * Mr. Cyril Shroff â€Co Promoter * Mr. Pradeep N Kotak â€Agri Division of Kotak and Company Limited * Dr. Shanker Acharya * Mr. Shivaji Dam â€Managing Director Kotak Mahindra Old Mutual Life Insurance Limited * Mr. C. Jayaram â€Executive Director * Mr. Dipak Gupta â€Executive Director Product Detail Kotak Mahindra Bank is one of the noticeable auxiliaries of Kotak Mahindra gathering. The exercises of the organization being corresponding to its goal are extremely wide and spread all the segments of a Bank.The Basic region of Operations is the Banking business, different items are intended for the ordinary income age. Being a Banking house, the organization is in normal touch with Banking Accounts, Investment Services, Convenience Banking and Other Services. Kotak Mahindra Bank, it's not tied in with selling you a wide range of items †it's tied in with working out an all encompassing, businesslike arrangement that tends to your money related necessities. Through their fluctuated products,they invest in turning out to be â€Å"banker† to the client as opposed to being â€Å"asset financier† to our customers.Banking Services by Kotak Mahindra There are three sorts of banking accounts: * Savings Account * Edge Savings Account: * Pro Savings Account: * Ace Savings Account * Current Account * Edge Current Account * Pro Current record * ACE Current Account * Term Deposit Investment Services * Demat and On Line Trading Account * Initial Public Offers(Ipo’s) Mutual Funds Convenience Banking * Multiple Banking Channels * ATM (Automatic Teller Machine): * Phone Banking * Mobile Banking * SMS Banking OTHER SERVICES * Banking Hours * Best Compliments Card †the ideal giftCOMPETIVE PROFILE * HDFC Bank * ICICI Bank HDFC BANK Market Strategy Emphasizes The Following: * Increase piece of the overall industry in India’s extending banking and budgetary administrations industry by following a taught development procedure concentrating on quality and not on amount and conveying great client care. * Leverage our innovation stage and open adaptable frameworks to convey more items to more clients and to control working expenses. * Maintain current elevated requirements for resource quality through restrained credit hazard the board. Create imaginative items and administrations that pull in the focused on clients and address wasteful aspects in the Indian monetary area. * Continue to create items and administrations that decrease bank’s cost of assets. * Focus on high income development with low instability. ICICI BANK MARKETING STRATEGY OF ICICI BANK: * India’s second biggest bank * 614 bra nches and expansion counters * 2200 ATM’S * Biggest private part bank in India * Most important bank in India regarding market upper casing * Described by the contenders and industry master in single word †â€Å"Aggressive† Strategy of Kotak Mahindra 1.Kotak Mahindra Bank is Leading Bank in the nation, it gives an assortment of items and administrations to various fragments of clients. 2. The Bank plans to serve clients from youngsters to senior residents, consequently various items intended to suit explicit necessities of the abovementioned. 3. Plans to serve all classes of the general public from the salaried working class to the high pay business class. Clients are ordered and portioned by their prerequisites and requirements. For Example, the EDGE Saving Account expects to serve white collar class clients so least parity required to be kept up is Rs. 0000. While the PRO and ACE Saving Accounts are focused at high salary clients, the base parity prerequisite is Rs. 20000 and Rs. 75000.4. Clients who are increasingly beneficial to the Bank (High Value Customers) are given exceptional offices. Need Banking is intended to serve these high worth clients. 5. The Bank prides itself with the capacity to give separate items in the packed market of sparing records. Bank offers the free home heating, uncommon co-marked platinum cards (Smart fill Debit Card) which makes its item extraordinary. . The Bank is additionally associated with showcasing exercises which fills in as a vehicle of commercial for the Bank. These are as per the following: * Extended cheerful hours at specific bars in Delhi for the Bank’s account holders. * Gift Vouchers on making utility installments, for example, PDAs, power and MTNL bills. * Free Gifts like tops, pens/wallets to its clients. * Free extra cards for family members. 7. The Bank needs its clients to execute progressively through Internet Banking and ATM, Rather than the clients utilizing the branch. 8.The D ebit Cards gave by the Bank are Internationally Accepted far and wide, consequently giving the clients the accommodation to execute whenever, anyplace. 9. The Bank has tied up with different Banks so its clients can utilize different Bank’s ATM office with the expectation of complimentary exchanges 10. The Bank likewise gives DEMAT account and furthermore sells Mutual Funds, this gives the Bank and Government extra income. 11. The Bank has been extremely effective in amplifying its client base during the most recent few years. 12. The Number One Reason of individuals picking Kotak Mahindra Bank is the Brand Name/Reputation of the Bank.Hence it should be cautious that the Brand name and Goodwill the Bank has earned isn't weakened. 13. The Biggest contenders of the Bank are ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank and STANDRAD CHARTERED. 14. ATM Facility is most well known approach to execute with the Bank. 15. By and large the clients welcome the administration and items offered by the Bank a nd are eager to prescribe the Bank to their associates , But more consideration needs to paid towards: * Increasing the quantity of ATM machines. * Improving Internet Banking Facility.

Anthem for Doomed Youth free essay sample

Bound Youth by Wilfred Owen is a sonnet which I read as of late, in which the writer passes on horror’s of death in World War 1. The author‘s utilization of technique’s is very successful. His utilization of the poem structure, word decision, juxtaposition, incongruity and allegorical language makes a solid picture of the disaster absence of regard for the youthful soldier’s kicking the bucket at war. Song of praise For Doomed Youth is one of most popular World War poem’s in view of the route in the Octet, Wilfred interprets the awfulness and catastrophe of the war and the battling battle for burial service ceremonies for the youthful dead troopers. The title is one of the powerful technique’s that the creator use’s. It’s the manner in which the tile passes on a solid differentiation in the creative mind of the peruser. â€Å"Anthem For Doomed Youth. † The meanings of the word â€Å"Anthem† makes an extremely positive topic for the sonnet. We will compose a custom paper test on Song of devotion for Doomed Youth or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page We, In our brains, would most likely connection the word Anthem to applaud, time of festivity or in a congregation with the national song of praise which connects to the War. Owen contrast’s â€Å"Anthem† with â€Å"Doomed Youth† to show the harshness and terrible time of the war and the passing of the youthful troopers. The juxtaposition of the sonnets title is the complexity between the â€Å"Doomed† and â€Å"Youth†. This is an extraordinary complexity as â€Å"Youth† we consider as an actual existence not yet lived and praising the future not yet been found, yet the observing â€Å"Youth† are â€Å"Doomed†. â€Å"Doomed† proposes no expectation and the possible hood of the soldier’s not returning. The manner in which the writer utilizes the complexity to give the peruser a sample of the unpleasant incongruity topic to the sonnet, Another differentiation straight away in the sonnet is the type of the sonnet which gives’s solid diverge from the topic. Owen begins to write in the work structure which is typically used to compose a sonnet of expression or love. There isn't just a difference between the structure and the substance of the sonnet however he additionally differentiates the structure and the title. The structure and the title is very unexpected in light of the fact that Owen expounds on the passing and loss of the war in a type of which is utilized for reverence of the warriors are war. By utilizing this technique’s Owen passes on a feeling of pity on the individuals who are agreeable to the â€Å"Supposedly Glorious War. † The beginning of the sonnet is the octet which opens with a facetious inquiry. What passing ringers for the individuals who kick the bucket as steers? † The topic of death is carried into the sonnet with the words â€Å"Passing Bells† which alludes to a chime tolled after someones demise to report the passing to the world. There is a further metaphor with the words â€Å"who kick the bucket as cattle† completes the inquiry and make’s you interface the withering soldier’s of the World War to animal’s in a field. The comparison comprise a picture of the steers being driven away in a group to be brought to there death and that joins with the soldier’s being directed to war in enormous number’s to most likely to experience the ill effects of a ghastly demise. Sound symbolism is presented using the words â€Å"Passing bells†, this proceeds all through the octet. Owen responds to the inquiry by trading hints of chapel bell’s for burial service of the youthful soldier’s with the sound of weapons and war . â€Å"Only the tremendous displeasure of the weapons Only the faltering rifles fast clatter Can patter out their hurried orisons. † Owen utilizes exemplification to make the sound of the firearms over tosses the sound of the memorial service church chimes. The compelling word decision assists with passing on the possibility of the firearms over controlling the congregation ringers. Like the utilization of dairy cattle, the creator, makes an impact which underscores the loathsomeness of the World War 1. By exemplifying resentment with weapons shows that there was genuine brutality in the war and the soldier’s kicked the bucket still with the risk present towards the different soldier’s. Owen use’s sound to word imitation to portrays the indignation of the men shooting the firearms. He additionally utilizes similar sounding word usage with â€Å"Stuttering rifles fast rattle† which shows the sound of a firearm. The soldier’s have no orisons, which implies petitions, here memorial service supplications, all they have in the last minutes is the epeated sound of shouting and gunfire. â€Å"No jokes how for them; no supplications nor chimes nor any voice of the grieving recovery the ensembles the high pitched sick ensembles or walling shells and the moves calling for them from tragic shives† A similitude : the petition ringer s and ensembles of the congregation have became â€Å"chill demented† and â€Å"wailing† is another juxtaposition utilized by the creator. We have god’s universes and the villains both as one compared to feature the repulsive natures of the youthful troopers demise â€Å"What candles might be held to speed all? Not in the hands of young men yet in their eyes Shall sparkle the heavenly glints of goodbyes† The sestet starts similarly as the octet with a non-serious inquiry. It begins by saying about the candles which won't be held in a congregation service by the ensemble however will have light according to the withering fighters. He says ‘glimmers’ alluding to the ‘candles’ recommends a transitory light. The fire of the flame resembles the lives of the warriors, handily removed or consistently snuffed out. In the last 3 lines of the sonnet, the memorial service symbolism proceeds: the paleness of the girls’ temples will be the pall Their blossoms the delicacy of patient personalities And each moderate sunset, a drawing down of blinds† Here Owen proposes that in a burial service the white casket fabric will be spoken to by the stunned white countenances of the lady left at home. The allegory proceeds by saying the delicacy of lady will be their me morial service blossoms. The word blossom is especially powerful about the burial service as well as about the excellence, delicacy and pity which helps us to remember the compelling title toward the beginning. In the last line Owen looks like the light being quenched which identifies with the troopers reaching a conclusion and sneaking away. Owen accentuations all the normal passings by utilizing ‘each’ in the last line which proposes it has been going on consistently. Taking everything into account, in the sonnet Owen passes on the repulsiveness of the war amazingly well. All through he utilizes juxtaposition, allegorical language, poem structure and compelling word decision. He has painted a picture which is moving yet ghastly.

Full Steam Ahead

Full Steam Ahead On Sunday night, I sat alone on a bench in South Station holding what was literally and â€" perhaps more importantly â€" figuratively a one-way ticket home. There was a semblance of relief, knowing that years of toiling away at problem sets, preparing for exams, and pulling all-nighters had finally moved from the present to the past. But, for some reason, this wasn’t what I imagined my final moments in Boston feeling like. I expected there to be more elation, more joy, and more optimism as I looked toward the beginning of the rest of my life. But, in reality, there was none of that, as instead I felt sorrow that the good times and the friends I left behind won’t be returning in September. At the start of May, the end of my undergraduate career couldn’t have come fast enough. The last two weeks of term were spent in a pressure cooker, as presentation followed project, and project followed paper. But the moment did eventually come; at precisely 3:23pm on Thursday, May 12, my work at MIT was done. Like many other seniors, I had no final exams â€" or any obligations â€" in the three weeks until commencement. Unfortunately, those were three weeks for my jubilation to dissipate. The weather was markedly poor during the third week in May as the temperature struggled to surpass 60F and the sky remained dark and sunless. But, I still managed to find time to relax in the vacuum, as I caught up on sleep, enjoyed an end-of-semester dinner with The Tech, and celebrated a friend’s birthday. Every once in awhile, I’d step off campus, but I ultimately ended up returning as I hung out with people who I distracted from their exam preparations. Toward the end of that week, I returned home to Maryland with two friends, for whom I played tour guide of the nation’s capital. I had known each of them for a year, but I had gotten to know them better during that one week at home than during the previous thirty at school. It was truly amazing the friendships that could be fostered when aimless discussions aren’t interrupted by guilt and exhaustion brought upon by work. Neither of my two friends was graduating with me, so I quickly foresaw how this strengthening bond would result in misery. Nevertheless, with one week remaining before commencement, I spent almost my entire time back at MIT hanging out with friends, including the aforementioned two, in MacGregor, which is where a large portion of students staying over the summer are housed. I put off clearing up my room and selling off my unwanted textbooks until the last minute, as I continued to wallow in what seemed to be my final moments with my friends. I saw how peaceful and beautiful the campus could be during the long, warm summer days. I realized just how impressive the buildings could be when I didn’t have to drag myself out of bed to them to attend lectures. Indeed, as I saw all the friends and families of graduates lining Massachusetts Avenue and Memorial Drive while the Class of 2011 walked into Killian Court on June 3, I realized â€" perhaps too late â€" I was going to miss this place. That isn’t, of course, to say I don’t have great things to look forward to. This September, I’ll be beginning a Masters of Science program in structural engineering at Stanford; I expect to complete the degree program, and head into the “real world”, by March 2013. Prior to that, I’ll be spending my fourth consecutive summer abroad, this time studying Arabic in Amman, Jordan, as part of the Critical Language Scholarship program. And, as if to compliment the beginning of my summer, after the program, I expect to go to Turkey to visit one of the two friends who came to my home last month. Unfortunately, though, that was the last thing on my mind Sunday night. The previous three weeks had drowned my ambitions with the memories I was leaving behind. I couldn’t help but think I was journeying into the abyss, with cultures, people, and places unfamiliar. This was especially surprising, as I felt my travels had made me immune to this discomfort. But perhaps, as before, I could take solace in the old adage, “Ships are safe in harbor but that’s not what ships are made for.” So, as before, I’m on my way. Full steam ahead.

The Irony of “Free Women” in Doris Lessing’s The Golden Notebook - Literature Essay Samples

Boyish haircuts and flat chests were trademarks of the 1920s flapper; as this style spread throughout America’s cities, it marked a dynamic change in women from their traditional appearance and lifestyle of the late 19th century and into the era of World War I. Raised skirts, flat chests, and boyish bobs became the trend for the female of the 1920s in an effort to demonstrate a step away from reliance on men towards independence. The flapper surrendered feminine qualities in exchange for a more masculine physique and look in order to demonstrate equality to men; however, their imitation of men only became another reliance and dependence on men. Lessing similarly explores this female response towards gender inequality in another time period: the sexual and women’s liberation movements of 1950s England. In The Golden Notebook, the â€Å"Free Women† of England similarly behave: instead of conservative skirts and dresses, women are seen wearing â€Å"slacks, loose s hirtsa yellow scarf around her head† (13). Anna Wulf and her close friend Molly Jacobs are introduced preferring Scotch to a â€Å"nice cup of tea† (15) and making assertive and straight-forward, often brash, comments towards Molly’s ex-husband, Richard. In the same manner of the 1920s flapper, Lessing’s â€Å"Free Women† inadvertently imitate men in their appearance and behavior; while, in the midst of the women’s liberation movement of the 1950s, the female characters are able to articulate their opinions on gender equality and recognize the dominant patriarchal hand in their daily lives, this imitation represents a belief that to be accepted and taken seriously by men, one must be a man. As the female characters in The Golden Notebook forcefully deny and suppress their feminine qualities, they ultimately cause a fragmentation of identity within themselves and come face to face with immense mental struggles. Throughout the novel, the suppression of feminine desires and qualities consistently proves its capabilities to not only dismantle relationships, but to also damage one’s mental-well being. Anna Wulf is defined by her profession as a writer; the entire novel is a collection of Anna Wulf’s various writings throughout her life, in which she tries to accurately capture authentic female experiences. Wulf’s inability to comprehend her own personal experiences as a woman show up on paper as she experiences a seemingly endless writer’s block following the success of her first novel, Frontiers of War. Her writer’s block seems to slowly open the door to mental fragmentation, as Wulf makes various attempts to accurately write about her female experience through different alter-egos. Ironically, the only genuine female experiences that Wulf is able to document are her fruitless attempts to do so; while she tries to fragment herself into different personalities and characters, even those separate personas continue to be female writers who doubt the authenticity of their writing. In the yellow notebook, Ella (who represents Anna), who is a writer for a women’s magazine, finds herself resentful of the â€Å"sensitive and feminine† nature of the magazine and her writing, for it is unappealing and irrelevant to the men whom she seeks approval from. As a writer, Anna possesses â€Å"a minority-group psychological orientation that compels [her] to depreciate [her] femalenessand seek approval from men (Morgan 472),† and the truth that her writer’s block is rooted in her discomfort with the feminine qualities inherently found in her writing supports this. While The Golden Notebook was hailed as a feminist text upon its publication, Lessing has since countered those praises in a new preface to the novel, indicating that Anna’s inability to embrace and accept her feminine qualities and choice to deny them is only in support of a subconscious dependence on men and is a failed attempt at feminism. Despite their stance for gender equality and female independence, the â€Å"Free Women† develop unhealthy dependencies on men, ironically making them poor examples of feminists during England’s women’s liberation movement. Dating that was not necessarily geared towards marriage newly emerged in America in the 1920s, causing an increase in birth control use and casual sex. It became common for dating couples to separate without marriage in the picture, and 1950s England does not prove to be any different. Both Anna and Molly have ex-husbands and several ex-lovers by the start of the novel, and the structure of the novel allows the reader to get an extremely intimate glimpse into Anna’s relationships throughout her life: past and present. In each relationship, Anna has an inherent need for authentic affection and companionship; however, her feminist attitudes give off the impression that she has no need for that kind of relationship. This paradox results in her relationships consistently falling apart due to a lack of genuine communication between the pair. Anna’s failed relationship with Saul Green shines a spotlight on both the physical and emotional consequences of her inability to maintain male-female relationships. Prior to Saul moving in, Anna naturally desires to occupy her large flat with men (542), but tries to suppress this by refusing to rent out the empty room. With the addition of her eventual caving in, this behavior marks the beginning of a harmful cycle of suppression and submission that defines her affair with Saul Green. As Anna witnesses many of Saul’s odd behaviors, she remains silent and unsuccessfully tries to parse through them with logic, believing that it would be too feminine to be accusatory and emotionally invested. However, she consistently gives into these impulses and accuses him anyway, only to later regret and beat herself up about it. This cycle continues alongside Saul’s obvious practices of infidelity and the relationship, solely grounded on sexual attraction, and causes the relat ionship to fall apart. As their relationship slowly breaks apart, both characters begin to compartmentalize themselves and self-fragment: Anna identifies parts of herself as â€Å"two other AnnasAnna, the snubbed woman in loveand a curious, detached, sardonic Anna (562),† separating the parts she refuses to embrace from the â€Å"real† Anna. In the same way, she separates Saul into separate personas, the â€Å"real† Saul whom she fell in love with and the cold, emotionless Saul. For months, Anna and Saul try to salvage a doomed relationship; neither character, both writers, fully understand themselves and were already deeply fragmented, even before meeting one another. While their break is a monumental moment in Anna’s life, the writing she produces following the separation only further proves that her character’s perception of herself and her feminine qualities has remained unchanged. The Golden Notebook provides an intimate look into the life of women during the sexual and women’s liberation movements of the 1950s in England and uses the male-female relationship dynamic to pinpoint the problem with Lessing’s â€Å"Free Women† in their denial of their natural feminine qualities. The chaotic structure of the novel in addition to the experiences and ultimate outcomes of many of the characters do not allow for The Golden Notebook to be a true feminist novel, for the experiences and writings of Anna Wulf encourage the suppression of femininity and ultimate submission to male dominance. Even if Anna spends the bulk of her life as an adult spewing opinions about feminism and gender equality, her behaviors as a â€Å"Free Woman† demonstrate otherwise, for she subconsciously follows orders from men and constantly seeks approval in their reactions and responses to her own actions. As Anna Wulf concludes her novel, Free Women, she provides an alt ernate ending through a separate persona (named after herself) in which, differing from her separation with Saul, Milt (who represents Saul) fits Anna’s expectations for a male partner, one that is dominant yet caring. This satisfies her deepest longings for genuine affection and companionship yet, in the slightest of ways, promotes the submissive nature that she, as a â€Å"Free Woman†, has worked against. This conclusion, while satisfying for Anna herself, only acts as proof that Anna Wulf has failed as a feminist writer and character. Works Cited Anderson, Amanda. â€Å"Bleak Liberalism and the Realism/Modernism Debate: Elison and Lessing.† Bleak Liberalism, edited by Amanda Anderson, University of Chicago Press,2016, 115-167. Fishburn, Katherine. â€Å"Back to the Preface: Cultural Conversations with The Golden Notebook.† Johns Hopkins University Press, vol. 17, no. 2/3, Fall 1990, pp. 183-195, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3831687. Accessed 11-25-2017. Franks, Jill. â€Å"The 1960s: Hegemonies and the Abject in Doris Lessing’s The Golden Notebook and Edna O’Brien’s The Country Girls Trilogy.† British and Irish Women Writers and the Women’s Movement: Six Literary Voices of Their Times, edited by Jill Franks, McFarland Company, Inc., 2014, 123-158. Lessing, Doris. The Golden Notebook. Bantam Books, 1981. Libby, Marion Vlastos. â€Å"Sex and the New Woman in The Golden Notebook.† The Iowa Review, vol. 5, no. 4, Fall 1974, pp. 106-120, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20158308. Accessed 09-19-2017. Morgan, Ellen. â€Å"Alienation of the Woman Writer in The Golden Notebook.† Contemporary Literature, vol. 14, no. 4, Autumn 1973, pp. 471-480, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1207467. Accessed 09-19-2017. Mulkeen, Anne M. â€Å"Twentieth-Century Realism: The â€Å"Grid† Structure of The Golden Notebook.† Studies in the Novel, vol. 4, no. 2, Summer 1972, pp. 262-274, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/29531519. Accessed 09-19-2017.

The Mesoamerican Calendar Ancient Shared Time Keeping

The Mesoamerican Calendar is what modern archaeologists call the method of tracking time used—with some variations—by most of ancient Latin America, including the Aztecs, Zapotecs, and Maya. In fact, all of the Mesoamerican societies were using some form of the calendar when the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived in 1519 CE. History The mechanisms of this shared calendar involved two parts that worked together to make a 52-year cycle, known as the Sacred and Solar rounds, such that each day had a unique name. The Sacred cycle lasted 260 days, and the Solar one 365 days. The two parts together were used to keep chronologies and king lists, mark historical events, date legends, and define the beginning of the world. The dates were chiseled into stone steles to mark events, painted on tomb walls, carved onto stone sarcophagi and written into bark cloth paper books  called codices. The oldest form of the calendar—the solar round—was likely invented by the Olmec, epi-Olmec, or Izapans about 900-700 BCE, when agricultural was first established. The sacred round may have been developed as a subdivision of the 365-year one, as a tool specifically designed to track important dates for farming. The earliest confirmed combination of sacred and solar rounds is found in the Oaxaca valley at the Zapotec capital site of Monte Alban. There, Stela 12 has a date which reads 594 BCE. There were at least sixty or so different calendars invented in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican, and several dozen communities throughout the region still use versions of it. The Sacred Round The 260-day calendar is called the Sacred Round, the Ritual Calendar or the Sacred Almanac; tonalpohualli in the Aztec language, haab in Maya, and piye to the Zapotecs. Each day in this cycle was named using a number from one to 13, matched with 20-day names in each month. The day names varied from society to society. Scholars have been divided about whether the 260-day cycle represents the human gestation period, some as-yet unidentified astronomical cycle, or the combination of sacred numbers of 13 (the number of levels in heaven according to Mesoamerican religions) and 20 (Mesoamericans used a base 20 counting system). However, there is growing evidence to believe that the fixed 260 days running from February to October represents the agricultural cycle, keyed to the trajectory of Venus, combined with observations of the Pleiades and eclipse events and potentially appearance and disappearance of Orion. These events were observed for more than a century before being codified in the Maya version of the almanac during the second half of the fifteenth century CE. Aztec Calendar Stone The most famous representation of the sacred round is the Aztec Calendar Stone. The twenty-day names are illustrated as pictures around the outside ring. Each day in the sacred round had a particular fate, and, as in most forms of astrology, an individuals fortune could be determined on the basis of her birth date. Wars, marriages, planting crops, all were planned based on the most propitious days. The constellation Orion is significant, in that around 500 BCE, it disappeared from the sky from April 23 to June 12, its annual disappearance coinciding with the first planting of maize, its reappearance when the maize was sprouting. The Solar Round The 365-day solar round, the other half of the Mesoamerican calendar, was also known as the Solar calendar, tun to the Maya, xiuitl to the Aztec, and yza to the Zapotec. It was based on 18 named months, each 20 days long, with a five day period to make a total 365. The Maya, among others, thought those five days were unlucky. Of course, today we know that the earths rotation is 365 days, 5 hours and 48 minutes, not 365 days, so a 365 day calendar throws an error of a day every four years or so. The first human civilization to figure out how to correct that was the Ptolemies in 238 BC, who in the Decree of Canopus required that an extra day be added to the calendar every four years; such a correction was not used by the Mesoamerican societies. The earliest representation of the 365-day calendar dates about 400 BCE. Combining and Creating a Calendar Combining the Solar Round and Sacred Round calendars provides a unique name for each day in a block of every 52 years or 18,980 days. Each day in a 52-year cycle has both have a day name and number from the sacred calendar, and a month name and number from the solar calendar. The combined calendar was called tzoltin by the Maya, eedzina by the Mixtec and xiuhmolpilli by the Aztec. The end of the 52-year-cycle was a time of great foreboding that the world would end, just as the end of modern centuries are celebrated in the same way. Archaeologists believe that the calendar was constructed from astronomical data built from observations of the movements of the evening star Venus and solar eclipses. Evidence for this is found in the Madrid codez( Troano codex), a Maya screen-fold book from Yucatan that most likely dates to the second half of the 15th century CE. On pages 12b-18b can be found a series of astronomical events in the context of the 260-day agricultural round, recording solar eclipses, the Venus cycle, and solstices. Formal astronomical observatories are known in several locations throughout Mesoamerica, such as Building J at Monte Alban; and archaeologists believe that the Maya E-Group is a patterned temple type that was used for astronomical observation as well. The Maya Long Count added another wrinkle to the Mesoamerican calendar, but thats another story. Sources Aveni, Anthony F. An Overview of â€Å"Mesoamerican Cultural Astronomy and the Calendar†. Ancient Mesoamerica 28.2 (2017): 585-86. Print.Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. Technologies of Time: Calendrics and Commoners in Postclassic Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 22.01 (2011): 53-70. Print.Clark, John E., and Arlene Colman. Time Reckoning and Memorials in Mesoamerica. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 18.1 (2008): 93–99. Print.Dowd, Anne S. Cycles of Death and Rebirth in Mesoamerican Cultural Astronomy and the Calendar. Ancient Mesoamerica 28.2 (2017): 465-73. Print.Estrada-Belli, Francisco. Lightning Sky, Rain, and the Maize God: The Ideology of Preclassic Maya Rulers at Cival, Peten, Guatemala. Ancient Mesoamerica 17 (2006): 57-78. Print.Galindo Trejo, Jesus. Calendric-Astronomical Alignment of Architectural Structures in Mesoamerica: An Ancestral Cultural Practice. The Role of Archaeoastronomy in the Maya World: The Case Study of the Island of Cozumel. Eds. Sanz, Nuria, et al. Pari s, France: UNESCO, 2016. 21-36. Print.Milbrath, Susan. Maya Astronomical Observations and the Agricultural Cycle in the Postclassic Madrid Codex. Ancient Mesoamerica 28.2 (2017): 489-505. Print.---. The Role of Solar Observations in Developing the Preclassic Maya Calendar. Latin American Antiquity 28.1 (2017): 88-104. Print.Pohl, Mary E. D., Kevin O. Pope, and Christopher von Nagy. Olmec Origins of Mesoamerican Writing. Science 298.5600 (2002): 1984-87. Print.

Terrorism and the United States Essay - 1250 Words

Terrorism and the United States A cloud of anthrax spores looming in the sky of San Diego California designed to inflict a horrible death within ninety-six hours on anyone who breaths it. At first, thousands of victims think they have mild influenza or a cold that recedes after a day or two. However, when their symptoms return, and their lungs starts filling-up with fluid the victim realize that another terrorist attack has occurred. Hundreds of victims have acute psychosomatic pain. They besiege over crowded hospitals demanding treatment. Local hospitals and medical clinics quickly run out of drugs. Law enforcement and military†¦show more content†¦Because it is so hard to define, organizations like the United Nations have had great difficulty drawing up policies against terrorism. Terrorist actions may be committed by a single individual, a certain group, or even governments. Most terrorists, u nlike criminals, claim to be dedicated to higher causes, and do not believe in personal gain. The methods used in terrorism include threats, bombings, and the destruction of property, kidnapping, and the taking of hostages, executions, and assassinations. As we are approaching the new millennium, it seems that terrorism is becoming another one of societys constant problems. It has reached to an extent that most of us have now become immune to it. We hear about the hijacking of different airplanes, kidnapping of diplomatic officers, slaughter of innocent civilians. However, terrorists in most instances first strike by doing something vicious like bombing an area and bio-chemical attacks which the government and the citizens of the country can be terrified of them. Then, they make their demands: safe passage or release of their fellow terrorists. What can the government do to stop terrorism? Mr. Bush and America do not negotiate with Terrorist. Unfortunately, the United Stateshas become the target of the most recent terrorist attacks because of its political involvement in the Middle East. The United States has hadShow MoreRelatedThe United States And Terrorism1609 Words   |  7 Pagesthat not only does the United States have a his tory of torturing terrorism suspects by methods including waterboarding, sleep deprivation, solitary confinement, and threats to the self or the family, but also that the use of such torture is illegal according to United States and international law. I will also argue that the United States is guilty of the illegal extraordinary rendition of terrorist suspects. Further, I will argue that current standards for investigating terrorism suspects jeopardizesRead MoreTerrorism : The United States1530 Words   |  7 PagesTerrorism is something that has affected the lives of the American population in the United States at least once in their lifetimes. It is something that Americans have read about in history books and have seen on national television. The United States defines terrorism under Title 22 of the U.S. Code (USC) Section 2656f (d) as a, â€Å"premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usu ally intended to influence an audienceRead MoreTerrorism : The United States1154 Words   |  5 Pages The United States promotes international freedom, and discourages any organization who is attempting to disrupt freedom. In recent years, terrorism has become one of the United States greatest dilemmas. Terrorism is a horrific crime against society, and the people who carry out these acts are considered people some of the worst criminals of today. Following September 11 the United States made a decision to wage war of terror. The United States â€Å"War on Terror† attempts confront these people andRead MoreTerrorism And The United States1981 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Today when we think of terrorism and terrorist as being something grown out of radical and fundamentalist Islamic Societies in the middle east. However, terrorism does not have to come from abroad. Terrorism can be homegrown in America and for the past 40 years that is what has been happening in cities all across the United States. Gang related terrorism is extremely high in inner cities all across the country and the Crips are the largest gang that operates in America. In 1970’s CaliforniaRead MoreThe United States Intervention With Terrorism1081 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorism, in a modern day perspective, has been molded as a Middle Eastern threat to Western Civilization; although the whole idea of terrorism itself has existed for ages. Undoubtedly, â€Å"The War on Terror,† is a western form of saying to depict the general aspect of terrorism. Through all aspects of the world, terrorism, is defined as an act of unruly and warlike tactics that mainly creates harm to civilians. Usually, these acts of violence are not simply for the use of harming citizens, but toRead MoreThe Effects Of Terrorism On The United States897 Words   |  4 Pagespeople see security and safety is changing around the world due to increase numbers of terrorism. Countries around the world are becoming more in favor of securing their border and bring in less and less immigrants. This sentiment has been gradually increasing over the years. However, one country government openly welcomed Syrian refugees and that nation is Germany. S. Akbarzadeh, and D. Conduit, (2016) state that more than 4.8 million refugees are living outside Syria, and many more are displacedRead MoreTerrorism And Its Effects On The United States1301 Words   |  6 Pageschanged on this day. It’s now remembered forever by the title of 9/11. Terrorism has been involved in the U.S. for many years. This is one, sad example of the act. There are many parts to the dreadful, sad story, including terror ism in general, the planning behind the event, who was involved, the day of, and the aftermath. Terrorism has become a big problem in the U.S. Even today it’s something that American’s can not control. Terrorism is defined as the act of people aiming to hurt a particular governmentRead MoreThe Impact Of Terrorism On The United States932 Words   |  4 PagesThese include studies by Morland, Butler and Leskin into the effects of terrorism in the United States; Vazquez, Perez-Sales and Hervas covering the social and individual effects of terrorism in Madrid; Frazier and Berman covering post-traumatic growth in female sexual assault victims; and Joseph, Williams and Yule on psychosocial perspectives on PTSD and treatment (TRG pg 19). These studies show the importance of reprogramming PTSD clients towards normalizing and coping methods and re-integrationRead MoreTerrorism And Its Effects On The United States1776 Words   |  8 PagesPreventing Terrorism in the United States is a hard thing to overcome, but the government is trying their best to control and prevent t errorist attacks from happening. â€Å"The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, were a turning point in American history and demonstrated that the government must have the authority necessary to defend against future attacks, including the right to use the best technology to intercept potentially conspiratorial communications (Jacobs and Newton 1). Having advancedRead MoreTerrorism And Its Effects On The United States2408 Words   |  10 PagesTerrorism has continuously played a brutal role in frightening societies across the world. There are many nations that have faced horrible issues and continue to try to find a solution but to no avail, because terrorism still exists around the world. There are many questions that have still gone unanswered and many governments are finding some relief â€Å"with considerable assistance from anti-terrorism organizations (Fischer, 2002).† Terrorist can strike not just large cities, but communities of any

What Does It Mean You Be Bilingual Or Multilingual

What does it mean to be bilingual or multilingual? Discuss the different ways in which multilingualism can be defined, and the educational implications in a particular educational setting. Introduction We define multilingual speakers as having the capacity to identify and communicate using three or more languages. The term bilingualism is used to label a person whom has the ability to interact using two languages; these languages are not always at an equal advancement, skill and communication level between these languages can differ. Researchers have identified that there is a far larger population of multilingual individuals in the world compared to the monolingual, persons only capable of speaking one language, community. It is†¦show more content†¦Multilingualism allows for those capable of it to understand and appreciate different cultures and life styles and encourages open-mindedness, dismisses ignorance and boosts positive social relations. The argument regarding multilingualism’s importance is rife; although there are many benefits from language skills it seems there is a lack of drive to learn another language. â€Å"Since the removal of compulsory language qualifications at Key Stage 4 in England, there has been a steady decline in numbers of students taking a GCSE in a language; the Language Trends Survey (2011) recorded a decline from 78% take up in 2001 to 40% in 2011† (Dr Taylor, 2013, p.4). This figure proves a topic of interest to researchers as it begs the question, if globally multilingualism is widespread and respected why is the law dismissing it? Despite the removal of compulsory languages, since this time, more government plans have been issued to assist in bringing back language learning into an educational setting; the BBC declared that, from September 2014 in England, it was to be compulsory for primary school children aged seven and above to learn another language. It is a fact that the younger you are when you learn a language the earlier you pick it up; making it an obligation for 7+ year